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留学先で、または日本にいる外国人と話していて、日本の文化について尋ねられることはよくある。そんなとき、日本語でしっかり頭に入れることはもちろん、英語できちんと説明できるようにしよう。
(出典:英文日本絵とき事典 JTBパブリッシング発行)
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| サラリーマン編 Salaryman in
Japan |
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敬語 |
[Honorific language] |
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The existence of an honorific level of speech makes
Japanese an extremely complex language. Keigo consists of sonkeigo
(terms of respect) and kenjogo (terms of condescension), with several
levels in each category. Skillful use at this level is difficult
even for the Japanese.
Greetings When Calling Upon Someone |
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Familiar: (With a slight wave)
"Yaa" ("How ya' doing?"). |
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Polite: (Bowing slightly) "Konnichiwa"
("Good afternoon" or "Good day"). |
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Keigo: (Bowing deeply) "Ojama
shimasu" ("Please excuse intrusion"). |
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Familiar: (With a slight wave)
"Jya-ne" ("Be seeing you"). |
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Polite: (Bowing slightly)
"Sayonara" ("Good bye"). |
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Keigo: (Bowing deeply)
"Shitsurei itashimashita" ("I'm sorry to have disturbed
you"). |
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As a general rule, keigo should be used when the
other person is older. If that person speaks in the familiar language,
it is permissible to drop to the "polite" form. Use of
keigo to a younger person, however, can sound sarcastic. |
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Keigo is also used to address those in higher positions.
For salarymen, the criterion is company post. Furthermore, position
takes precedence over age, making it permissible for a 30 year
old kacho (section manager) to "speak down" to a 40 year
old kakaricho (chief clerk). |
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Subcontractors also address clients from big companies
in keigo. Company size and sponsorship are more important than
position, and the president of a small or medium-size company will
often address the kacho of a big company in keigo. |
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When both parties are convinced they are equal in
position, they use keigo in the beginning and drop to "polite"
Ianguage from the second time on. If they get on well, they may
drop down to the familiar language. |
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ボキャブラリー
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| honorific |
敬称の、尊称的な |
| condescension |
謙遜、丁寧 |
| bow |
腰をかがめる、お辞儀する |
| intrusion |
わりこみ、じゃま
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| sarcastic |
皮肉な、嫌味を言う |
| criterion |
基準 |
| subcontractor |
下請け会社、下請け人 |
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『欧文日本絵とき事典』(JTBパブリッシング発行 定価968〜1,050円)
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日本の文化について英語で話したい人に最適の英文イラストブック。ポケットサイズなので、持ち運びも便利! |
| 1:文化・風俗編 |
10:自然・社会編 |
| 2:生活編 |
11:自然・社会編 |
| 3:飲食編 |
12:仏文 生活編 |
| 4:日本のまつり |
13:仏文 文化・風俗編 |
| 5:京都編 |
14:日本の旅館 |
| 6:日光編 |
15:日本語会話編 |
| 7:東京編 |
16:日本の武道 |
| 8:サラリーマン編 |
17:日本の家族 |
| 9:人物日本史 |
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→購入はこちら |
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『絵ときシリーズ 見てわかる日本』(JTBパブリッシング発行 定価1,050円)
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日本の伝統、文化や、年中行事、生活の基本を日本語併記でイラストとともに紹介。留学や日本で外国人を案内する際に役立つ一冊。 |
| 1:伝統・文化編[英語版] |
| 2:生活・社会編[英語版] |
| ※それぞれ、中国語版、韓国語版もあり |
| →購入はこちら |
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Page5は「テーブルマナー」を英語で説明しよう!
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